Melhores Advogados de Inventário em Goiânia
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Lista dos melhores advogados em Goiânia, Brasil
About Inventário Law in Goiânia, Brasil
Inventário is the legal process used in Brazil to identify a deceased person's assets and liabilities and to distribute them to heirs. In Goiânia, this process can be judicial or extrajudicial, depending on factors such as consensus among heirs and existence of debts or disputes. The choice between paths affects timelines, costs, and the involvement of courts or notaries.
In practice, many Goiânia families opt for an extrajudicial inventory at a cartório (notary) when all heirs are adults, agree on the division, and there are no outstanding debts requiring court action. When disagreements or complex assets exist, a judicial inventory in a Goiânia court may be necessary. The process also interfaces with tax obligations such as the ITCMD, which must be addressed before transfers are completed.
Why You May Need a Lawyer
- Disputes among heirs over asset division - In Goiânia, siblings may disagree on who gets the family apartment in Setor Bueno, delaying the transfer of ownership unless a lawyer guides negotiations and helps craft a workable agreement.
- Real estate located in Goiânia or Goiás that needs clearance - A lawyer ensures the escritura publica de inventário e partilha accurately reflects property titles and registry requirements at Cartórios de Registro de imóveis in Goiás.
- Debts or tax issues complicating the estate - If debts exist or ITCMD considerations apply, legal counsel coordinates creditor notices, tax assessments, and proper allocations to heirs.
- Heirs living abroad or with limited Brazilian documents - A lawyer helps obtain necessary certidões e documentos, and may manage power of attorney to act on behalf of a non-resident heir.
- Will or testament questions and validity concerns - If a will is contested or unclear, a specialist guides the interpretation, validity checks, and potential court action in Goiânia.
Local Laws Overview
Brazilian inheritance matters in Goiânia follow national laws that apply across the country, including Goiás state. The primary texts include the Civil Code, the Code of Civil Procedure, and specific laws governing extrajudicial inventories. Below are the key statutes and how they relate to Inventário in Goiânia.
Código Civil Brasileiro, Lei 10.406 de 2002 governs how assets pass by succession, the rights of heirs, and general rules for the transfer of property after death. This code establishes the framework for both judicial and extrajudicial inventories and defines heir shares and obrigations. Lei 10.406/2002
Código de Processo Civil, Lei 13.105 de 2015 reorganizes probate procedures and clarifies timelines, forms, and judicial steps for inventories. It remains the core governing statute for actions initiated within Goiânia court system. Lei 13.105/2015
Lei n° 11.441 de 2007 criou o inventário extrajudicial, permitindo que a partilha seja realizada por escritura pública em cartório, desde que todos os herdeiros sejam maiores e estejam de acordo, e não haja dívidas que exijam conciliação judicial. Lei 11.441/2007
O inventário extrajudicial pode ser feito no cartório quando todos os herdeiros são maiores e concordam com a partilha.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of an Inventário in Goiânia and how does it start?
Inventário identifies all assets and debts of a deceased person and distributes them to heirs. It starts with a proposal to either a court in Goiânia or a cartório, depending on eligibility for extrajudicial proceedings. The process requires careful documentation and consent from all heirs when done extrajudicialmente.
How do I begin a judicial Inventário in Goiás and what court handles it?
Begin with a petition filed in the local comarca court that has jurisdiction over the deceased's estate in Goiânia. A lawyer prepares the initial petition, plus all supporting documents. The judge then orders steps such as creditor notices, valuation, and eventual distribution.
What is an extrajudicial Inventário and when can it be used in Goiás?
Extrajudicial Inventário is a notary procedure for when all heirs are adults and in agreement, with no outstanding debts requiring court action. It can be faster and less costly than the judicial path. A lawyer must prepare the escritura publica de inventário e partilha and guide the process at the cartório.
Do I need a lawyer to perform an Inventário in Goiânia, even for extrajudicial?
Yes. Brazilian law requires legal representation for extrajudicial inventories. The lawyer prepares the escritura, validates documents, and ensures compliance with tax and registry requirements. The notary will not proceed without professional guidance.
How long does it take to complete an Inventário in Goiás, depending on type?
Extrajudicial inventories in Goiânia can take about 30 to 90 days if all parties and documents are in order. Judicial inventories commonly take 6 to 12 months or longer, depending on complexity and court caseload. Delays often occur with real estate transfer or creditor disputes.
What documents are required to open an Inventário in Goiânia?
Common documents include death certificate, marriage certificates, birth certificates of heirs, tax and registry documents, property titles, tax clearances, and a list of assets and debts. Additional items may be required for real estate or foreign heirs. A lawyer helps assemble and verify all paperwork.
How much does it cost to complete an Inventário in Goiás, including taxes?
Costs vary by complexity, assets, and whether the process is extrajudicial or judicial. Notary fees, court costs, and attorney fees are typical components. A lawyer can provide a detailed budget before starting the process.
Can a non resident of Brazil participate in a Goiânia Inventário?
Yes, but additional steps are required. A non resident may participate through a Brazilian lawyer via power of attorney. Documentation from abroad may need apostille and translation. The process remains subject to Brazilian law and the location of assets.
What is the difference between Inventário and Partilha in Brazilian law?
Inventário is the process to identify assets and debts, while Partilha is the act of distributing the assets among heirs. The two terms are often used together in actual documents, especially in extrajudicial escritura publica de inventário e partilha. The distinction matters for timing and documentation.
Do debts or mortgages on assets affect the Inventário process in Goiás?
Yes. Debts must be disclosed and allocated among heirs. Mortgages require validation of encumbrances and may delay transfer or require creditor consent. Proper handling preserves priorities and avoids future disputes.
When can the Escritura Publica de Inventário e Partilha be used in practice?
When all heirs are adults, there is consensus on asset division, and there are no outstanding debts requiring judicial intervention. The escritura is executed at a cartório by a lawyer and notary, simplifying the transfer of real estate and other assets.
Is ITCMD payable before finalizing the Inventário in Goiás?
Yes. ITCMD is a state tax on transmissions causa mortis and doações. It is due before the transfer of assets can be completed. The tax is calculated on the estate value and must be paid to the Goiás tax authority prior to final registration.
Additional Resources
- Lei 13.105/2015 - Código de Processo Civil - Planalto official text for probate procedures and timelines. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L13105.htm
- Lei 10.406/2002 - Código Civil - Planalto official text covering inheritance rights and general rules for succession. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/L10406.htm
- Lei 11.441/2007 - Escritura Publica de Inventário e Partilha - Planalto official text establishing extrajudicial inventory procedures. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2007/Lei/L11441.htm
- Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) - Informações sobre Inventário - Guidance from a major legal organization on probate practices. https://www.oab.org.br
- Secretaria da Fazenda de Goiás (SEFAZ GO) - ITCMD e obrigações fiscais - Official tax guidance for Goiás state duties on inheritance. https://www.sefaz.go.gov.br
Next Steps
- Assess whether extrajudicial inventory is possible by confirming all heirs are adults, in agreement, and there are no debts requiring court action. If yes, prepare to contact a Goiânia notary and a lawyer.
- Gather documents in one place before consulting a lawyer. Collect death certificates, marriage and birth certificates of heirs, property titles, and any existing wills or debts.
- Identify potential real estate assets in Goiânia and obtain current certidões de ônus reais and registro de imóveis. These documents affect transfer and tax calculations.
- Search for a probate lawyer in Goiânia with experience in Inventário and quem possua conhecimento de cartórios locais. Schedule a consult to review assets, heirs, and preferred path.
- Request a detailed budget and timeline from the lawyer, including a breakdown of honorários, notary fees, and potential ITCMD costs. Compare quotes before proceeding.
- Choose between extrajudicial and judicial options based on consensus, asset complexity, and tax considerations. Begin the selected process with the lawyer’s guidance.
- Monitor the process and provide any requested documents promptly to avoid delays at the cartório or the Goiânia court. Prepare for final registrations and asset transfers once signed.
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