Find practical legal guides and resources for your country
58 legal articles
Turkey is a signatory to the New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are generally enforceable provided there is reciprocity between Turkey and the country where the award was rendered....
ISTAC arbitration clauses allow commercial landlords and tenants to bypass the 2-3 year backlog in Turkish civil courts, often resolving disputes within 6 months. A valid arbitration agreement must be...
The Seat of arbitration is the legal jurisdiction that governs the proceedings, while the Venue is simply the physical location where hearings occur. Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation...
Vietnam is a signatory to the 1958 New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are legally enforceable, provided they meet specific procedural criteria. The statute of limitations for filing a...
India is a signatory to the New York Convention, making foreign awards from over 50 reciprocating territories enforceable as decrees of an Indian court. The enforcement process is governed by...
Mandatory Initial Session (MAS): Under Greek Law 4640/2019, most commercial disputes with a value exceeding €30,000 must undergo a mandatory initial mediation session before proceeding to court. Enforceability: A mediation...
Commercial arbitration in Malaysia is governed by the Arbitration Act 2005, which is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law, ensuring a framework that aligns with international standards. The Asian International...
Singapore is a pro-enforcement jurisdiction, meaning the courts rarely interfere with international arbitration awards unless there is a severe procedural flaw. Foreign awards from over 170 signatory countries of the...
Choosing a foreign "Seat" for arbitration allows global SaaS vendors to apply non-Indian procedural laws, though Indian courts can still grant interim relief unless specifically excluded. Institutional arbitration (e.g., SIAC...
Singapore is the preferred seat for international arbitration in Asia, offering tech-neutral laws and specialized intellectual property (IP) dispute resolution. The Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) provides expedited procedures that...
Mandatory Consideration: Uniform Rule 41A requires all litigants in the South African High Court to consider mediation before proceeding to trial, making it a standard step in cross-border disputes. Enforceability:...
Navigating Commercial Arbitration in Nigeria's Emerging Tech Sector Nigeria's Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 introduces progressive rules, including third-party funding and emergency arbitration, making it highly attractive for tech dispute...
Resolving Asian Cross-Border Disputes in Singapore: Arbitration Costs and Alternatives Singapore is the premier dispute resolution hub in Asia, offering specialized regulatory frameworks and neutral grounds for multinational business disputes....
Australian courts strongly uphold the commercial autonomy of parties, meaning clearly drafted governing law and jurisdiction clauses are generally enforced. Arbitration is heavily preferred over litigation for cross-border B2B disputes...
Hourly Cost Structure: Unlike other major institutions, the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) charges administrative and arbitrator fees based on hourly rates rather than a percentage of the disputed...
The Istanbul Arbitration Centre (ISTAC) provides a specialized, neutral, and efficient alternative to the heavily backlogged Turkish local courts. Commercial arbitration in Turkey generally concludes within 6 to 12 months,...
Enforcing Cross-Border Commercial Arbitration Awards in Hong Kong Hong Kong is a pro-arbitration jurisdiction. Enforcing foreign awards is straightforward under the New York Convention. You can enforce an award without...
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) can legally inherit both commercial property and agricultural land in India under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). Mediation and arbitration offer a confidential, cost-effective alternative to...
Timelines dictate strategy: The Italian civil court system can take three to seven years to reach a final, binding judgment, making alternative dispute resolution highly attractive for foreign businesses. Arbitration...
Choosing Arbitration for Construction Disputes under the Saudi Civil Transactions Law The Saudi Civil Transactions Law codifies contract principles, providing foreign contractors with unprecedented predictability for construction disputes. Arbitration awards...