48 articles found in Turkey

Mandatory commercial mediation is a required legal step under Turkish law for monetary commercial claims before filing a lawsuit in court. Foreign corporations must issue a notarized and apostilled Special...

Turkish tenancy law strongly favors residential tenants. Landlords cannot evict an occupant simply because a fixed lease term expires. Rent increases on annual renewals are capped by the official 12-month...

A Shareholders' Agreement (SHA) creates contractual obligations between partners under Turkish contract law, but only the Articles of Association (AoA) bind the company and third parties directly. Deadlock mechanisms with...

Dual-Use Licensing is Mandatory: The Turkish Ministry of Trade regulates the export of dual-use goods under standard HS codes, aligning with EU standards and multilateral agreements. The Secondary Sanctions Trap:...

Low Thresholds for Tech: Transactions involving target companies active in digital platforms, software, biotechnology, or financial technologies in Turkey almost always trigger a mandatory filing due to the elimination of...

No Specific Franchise Law: Turkey does not have a dedicated franchise statute. Agreements are governed by the Turkish Code of Obligations and the Turkish Commercial Code, making precise contract drafting...

How to Restructure Debt for Your Turkish Subsidiary Act before absolute insolvency: Turkish law favors companies that file for restructuring while they are still functional but face imminent cash-flow risks....

No Automatic Recognition: Foreign court judgments have no power in Turkey until you win a formal enforcement lawsuit (Tenfiz) under Turkish private international law. Mediation is Mandatory: You cannot jump...

Most accident and injury claims in Turkey are based on fault under the Turkish Code of Obligations, with strict rules for traffic and workplace accidents. General time limit is 2...

Restructuring Debt for Foreign Joint Ventures in Turkey Economic shifts and currency fluctuations frequently put severe pressure on foreign joint ventures (JVs) operating in Turkey. When local corporate debt becomes...

Investing in Turkey as a foreign private equity sponsor means navigating a corporate law framework that prioritizes statutory rules over private contractual freedom. Standard international deal conventions (such as drag-along...

Traffic accidents are an unfortunate reality anywhere in the world, including Turkey. With over 300,000 injuries and thousands of fatalities yearly, understanding your rights and proper procedures following an accident...

Marriage to a Turkish citizen provides a road to Turkish citizenship, but it's crucial to recognize that Turkish citizenship via marriage is not automatically given. The procedure is controlled by...

Strict Valuation Limits (2026): To secure a real estate-based residence permit, the property value recorded on the title deed must be at least $200,000 across all provinces. For citizenship by...

Establishing Jurisdiction: Expats living in Turkey can file for divorce under the International Private and Civil Procedure Law if they meet residency requirements. Cost and Timeline: Mediation resolves disputes in...

Foreigner's Guide to Inheritance Disputes in Turkey Key Takeaways Turkish inheritance disputes often surprise foreign nationals with strict local rules. Understanding jurisdiction and forced heirship laws early prevents prolonged court...

Mandatory Mediation: Turkish law requires commercial disputes seeking monetary compensation to undergo pre-litigation mediation before a lawsuit can be filed in local courts. Cost Structures: Turkish commercial courts charge a...

Corporate Restructuring in Turkey: A Creditor Checklist Key Takeaways Foreign creditors have the same substantive rights as domestic creditors in Turkey, but must navigate specific evidentiary rules to recover assets....

Prioritize arbitration: Opting for arbitration (e.g., ISTAC) bypasses Turkey's mandatory commercial mediation process and resolves supply chain disputes faster than local courts. Notarize default notices: Under Turkish law, default notices...

The minimum investment for Turkish citizenship is USD 400,000. Buyers must place a three-year non-sale annotation on the title deed. Preliminary sales contracts are only legally binding if signed before...