48 articles found in Turkey

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Dual-Risk Reality for Companies in TürkiyeThe Guiding Principle: Personal Criminality and Corporate ConsequencesParallel Sanctions: Penalties for Individuals and the CompanyPenalties for Individuals (Executives, Directors, and Employees)"Security...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Pathways to a Turkish PassportCitizenship by Descent (Right of Blood)For Children of Turkish ParentsRegarding Ottoman AncestryCitizenship Through MarriageCitizenship by Naturalization (Long-Term Residency)The 5-Year Continuous Residency RuleProving Societal...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Existential Risks to a Business in TürkiyeThe Legal Framework for Corporate SanctionsWhen Can a Business License Be Revoked?The Core Condition: Abuse of Public AuthorityPractical ExamplesAsset Confiscation...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Judicial Process of Divorce in TurkeyThe Two Paths to Divorce: Uncontested vs. ContestedPath 1: The Uncontested Divorce (Anlaşmalı Boşanma)Eligibility RequirementsCreating the Divorce ProtocolThe Court HearingPath 2:...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding Turkish Child Custody LawsThe Golden Rule: The "Best Interests of the Child" PrincipleThe Legal Foundation: Turkish Civil Code and International LawTypes of Custody Arrangements in TurkeySole...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding the "Real Cost"Core Investment ThresholdsBreakdown of Additional Costs and FeesProperty-Related Expenses (Real Estate Pathway)General Administrative and Professional Fees (All Pathways)Understanding The Mandatory Currency Exchange ProcessEstimated Total...

Marrying a Turkish citizen does not make you Turkish. It makes you eligible to apply. Under Article 16 of the Turkish Citizenship Law (No. 5901), the authorities will consider your...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding the Realistic 2025 TimelineThe Four-Phase Application ProcessPhase 1: Investment and Preliminary Steps (4-8 Weeks)Phase 2: Residence Permit and Citizenship Application (3-6 Weeks)Phase 3: Government Vetting and...

Most accident and injury claims in Turkey are based on fault under the Turkish Code of Obligations, with strict rules for traffic and workplace accidents. General time limit is 2...

Most employment relationships in Turkey are governed by Labour Law No. 4857 and the Turkish Code of Obligations, with strong protection on termination, overtime, and severance pay. Standard weekly working...

Always check the title deed (tapu), zoning status (imar durumu), and building permits at the Land Registry and municipality before paying any substantial amount. Buying property in Turkey usually takes...

Key Takeaways Turkey’s immigration system is governed mainly by Law No. 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection and administered by the Presidency of Migration Management (Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı). Common paths...

Turkey is a signatory to the New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are generally enforceable provided there is reciprocity between Turkey and the country where the award was rendered....

ISTAC arbitration clauses allow commercial landlords and tenants to bypass the 2-3 year backlog in Turkish civil courts, often resolving disputes within 6 months. A valid arbitration agreement must be...

Mandatory Registration: Foreign data controllers targeting the Turkish market or monitoring Turkish residents must register with the VERBIS system before processing data. 2024 Reform: Recent amendments to the KVKK have...

Mandatory mediation is a legal prerequisite for nearly all commercial litigation involving monetary claims in Turkey. Foreign companies can initiate debt collection proceedings (İcra Takibi) without a court judgment to...

For residential lease renewals after July 1, 2024, the 25% rent increase cap has expired; increases are now limited by the 12-month average of the Consumer Price Index (TÜFE). Landlords...

First-to-File Supremacy: Turkey operates on a first-to-file system, meaning the first entity to apply for a trademark or patent generally secures the rights, regardless of prior use by others. Mandatory...

Customs Harmonization: Turkey is aligning its 2026 tariff schedules closer to the EU Combined Nomenclature, requiring international traders to audit and update their Harmonized System (HS) classifications. Documentation is Critical:...

Liaison offices in Turkey are strictly prohibited from engaging in any commercial or revenue-generating activities. The Ministry of Industry and Technology grants initial operating permits for a maximum duration of...