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Last substantive legal review: November 2026. This guide is general information, not legal advice. Export rules in this area change often. Confirm every classification and license decision against the current...
Classify the item before you decide on a license: HS/GTİP customs codes and export-control list entries are separate tests. Licensing turns on the technical control-list classification, the destination, the end...
Canadian businesses are subject to strict liability under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (FAC), meaning intent is often irrelevant...
Italian exporters must comply with Regulation (EU) 2021/821, which governs "dual-use" items that can be used for both civilian and military purposes. The primary regulatory authority in Italy is UAMA...
Dutch companies must comply with both EU regulations and the Dutch Sanctions Act 1977, which imposes strict criminal and administrative penalties for violations. An Internal Compliance Program (ICP) is the...
The UK operates a strict liability regime for financial sanctions breaches, meaning a company can be fined even if it did not intend to break the law. Ownership and control...
Updated September 2026 South Africa has two export control regulators. The National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC) operates under the National Conventional Arms Control Act 41 of 2002. The South...
Iceland aligns its export control and sanctions framework directly with the European Union and the United Nations, enforcing strict rules on dual-use goods and targeted international trade restrictions. Securing an...
Secondary Sanctions Are Expanding: The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is aggressively leveraging secondary sanctions, meaning foreign financial institutions (FFIs) can lose access to the US financial system even...
Malaysia's Strategic Trade Act (STA) 2010 heavily regulates the export, transshipment, and brokering of dual-use goods, including electronics, software, and manufacturing equipment. Multinational manufacturers must classify their inventory using the...
Obtaining standard export permits from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) takes 10 to 20 working days, while complex dual-use technology applications can take over eight weeks. Intangible...
India Export Controls and Sanctions Checklist for Multinational Tech Firms Multinational tech firms must classify all hardware, software, and technical data against India's Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies...
Canada regulates the export of dual-use technologies, including AI and semiconductor components, through the Export Control List (ECL) administered by Global Affairs Canada (GAC). Sharing technical data, software algorithms, or...
UK export controls in 2026 require strict adherence to updated dual-use technology regulations and Export Control Joint Unit (ECJU) rules. Defense contractors must conduct rigorous end-user due diligence to avoid...
Specific export permits require individual applications for controlled items. General authorizations allow blanket exports for eligible low-risk goods. Traders frequently face customs delays by misclassifying dual-use technologies governed by South...
EU Sanctions Compliance Guide for Foreign Multinationals in Ireland Irish subsidiaries of foreign multinationals are strictly bound by EU sanctions regulations and Irish export control laws, regardless of their parent...
Canada's export controls, administered by Global Affairs Canada (GAC), focus strictly on Canadian territorial exports and persons, lacking the aggressive extraterritorial reach of the US EAR and ITAR frameworks. Multinational...
Practical Snapshot Bulgarian businesses are legally bound to enforce direct EU sanctions. Your supply chain must adapt to the 2026 EU sanctions packages. Exporting restricted or dual-use goods requires explicit...
Practical Insights: Key Takeaways Dual-regime system: Australia enforces both United Nations Security Council sanctions and its own autonomous sanctions through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). Intangible technology...
Commercial items need licenses: Do not assume a product is exempt because it is for civilian use. Many ordinary commercial products containing encryption, sensors, or specialized materials trigger SCOMET licensing....