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73 legal articles
The Civil Transactions Law (CTL), issued by Royal Decree M/191 and in force since December 2023, codifies Saudi contract and obligations law in 721 articles. It codifies Sharia-derived rules rather...
Key Takeaways Foreign companies expanding into Saudi Arabia must structure their agency agreements to comply with strict local regulations. Securing a reliable local partner is essential, and protecting your commercial...
Before sending a termination notice, identify the right you are exercising. The main routes are an express contractual right, repudiatory breach or renunciation, late performance where time is essential, mutual...
Agree the exit mechanism before you negotiate the profit split. Most joint ventures that fail in Kenya do not collapse over percentages. They stall over a missed capital call, a...
The 30% ruling (officially the expat scheme, or 30% facility) is a tax arrangement, not a separate type of employment contract. An ordinary Dutch employment contract can include an agreement...
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in the Philippines are governed by the Civil Code and specific statutes like the Data Privacy Act of 2012. Service credits are the primary remedy for...
Digital Compliance: The Digital Work Card (Ergani II) is now mandatory for most Greek sectors, requiring real-time reporting of working hours to avoid heavy fines. Probationary Limits: New legislation has...
Stamp duty is now self-assessed: Since 1 January 2026, commercial agreements are stamped under the Stamp Duty Self-Assessment System (SDSAS) on MyTax. You calculate and pay the duty yourself, so...
The Netherlands is a primary gateway for European IP protection, offering access to the Unified Patent Court (UPC) and the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP). Tech companies can reduce...
Notice is fixed by statute. Article 1750 of the Civil Code sets minimum notice from one month in year one up to six months from year six onward. The applicable...
Explicit IP Transfer is Mandatory: Under Philippine law, intellectual property rights do not automatically transfer to the client in all "work-for-hire" scenarios; the contract must contain express assignment language. DPA...
International skilled workers in Australia are entitled to the same minimum wage and National Employment Standards (NES) as Australian citizens, regardless of their visa subclass. Reporting workplace exploitation to the...
Updated September 2026. An Italian commercial lease ( contratto di locazione commerciale , or affitto commerciale ) must run for at least six years, and it renews automatically for six...
Renewing a contract in Vietnam requires a formal written amendment or a new agreement to satisfy the Civil Code 2015 and Commercial Law 2005 requirements for validity. Price adjustment clauses...
Joint Ventures in India are primarily governed by the Indian Contract Act (1872), the Companies Act (2013), and the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). Enforcing non-compete clauses is legally challenging...
First-to-File Supremacy: Turkey operates on a first-to-file system, meaning the first entity to apply for a trademark or patent generally secures the rights, regardless of prior use by others. Mandatory...
California law strictly prohibits non-compete agreements, making them unenforceable even if your contract was signed in another country or state. To qualify as an "exempt" executive and avoid overtime requirements,...
Penalty Caps: Under the Commercial Law 2005, monetary penalties for breaches are capped at 8% of the value of the breached obligation portion, unless otherwise specified in specialized laws. Arbitration...
Executive Employment Contracts in Canada: Expat Guide Canada does not recognize "at-will" employment, meaning terminated executives are entitled to substantial severance under common law unless specifically limited by contract. Executive...
Drafting Enforceable Cross-Border Vendor Agreements in Nigeria Choosing international arbitration over domestic litigation is critical for protecting foreign business interests from procedural delays in Nigerian courts. Explicit governing law and...