Law office Tamara Slaveska Apostolovski

Every victim has the right to a fair, just and full compensation.

Proving the caused damage as a legal skill

Damages are among the most common, but at the same time are among the most specific cases, given that there are many types of damages. Depending on the cause, the damage can be contractual (e.g. violation of a contractual obligation to deliver goods within a certain period) or non-contractual (e.g. damage caused as a result of a car accident, a dog bite, etc.). Depending on the type of liability of the defendant, the damage can be subjective (e.g. damage caused by intent or negligence) or objective (eg damage caused as a result of performing a dangerous activity - chemical industry). Depending on the type of consequences, the damage can be pecuniary (eg vehicle damage, treatment costs), non-pecuniary or personal (e.g. physical pain, fear, damaged reputation) and environmental (eg soil, air, water pollution).

In order for the obligation to damage compensation to occur, it is needed cumulative existence of several elements: injured party/claimant, liable party/defendant, harmful (illegal) action and harmful consequence. In addition, there needs to be established a cause-and-effect link between the harmful action of the liable party and the harmful consequence of the injured party, which often requires specific evidence - expertise. It is the diversity of types of damages, and especially the burden of the proof, that necessarily requires the lawyer to possess an appropriate legal expertise.

In addition, it is needed to be established a cause-and-effect relationship between the harmful action of the liable party and the harmful consequence caused to the injured party. Proving of this often requires specific evidence - expertise from professional entities. It is the diversity of the types of damages, and especially the burden of proving them, that necessarily requires the possession of appropriate legal expertise.

Pecuniary damage

Pecuniary damage is any reduction in someone's property (e.g. costs of repairing a damaged vehicle) or preventing its increase (e.g. lost profit in the amount of income you are prevented from making due to vehicle damage).

Non-pecuniary damage

Non-pecuniary damage is any violation of your personal right to physical and mental well-being in the form of emotional distress and impairment of mental and physical abilities, as well as due to violation of your rights to honor, reputation and privacy (in case of insult, defamation or illegal processing of personal data).

Environmental damage

Environmental damage is any damage that occurs to the environment and nature, as a result of causing damage to soil, water, air and biodiversity (protected species and natural habitats). The law provides prevention measures and remediation measures that can be issued by an indefinite circle of persons. Almost every person is considered damaged in terms of environmental damage and has the right to seek restoration and compensation of damage.

Our experience

We are proud of the fact that our law office has 10+ years of experience in this matter, working daily on various damages, with narrow specialization in cases of compensation for material and non-material damage caused by traffic accidents. Within our work we have achieved cooperation with dozens of experts, especially in the field of medicine and traffic.

Accidents & Injury legal services

Our office offers you legal counselling and legal representation regarding all types of damages that occur as a result of:

• Traffic accident;
• Insurance incident;
• Dog bites;
• Bites from other domestic or wild animals;
• Ice / snow slipping;
• Injury at the workplace;
• Accident insurance;
• Professional liability insurance;
• Possession of a dangerous object;
• Performing dangerous activity (above the allowed limits);
• Action of an employee (towards an employer, employee or a third party);
• Action of a minor or mentally-ill person;
• Violation of the right to honor and reputation (insult and defamation);
• Violation of the right to privacy (right to protection of personal data);
• Violation of freedom of expression (protection of journalists and media);
• Breach of contract;
• Soil pollution;
• Air pollution;
• Water pollution;
• Illegal landfills;
• Other cases;

Labour rights are human rights

Labour rights - More than a plain legal obligation of the employer

Labour disputes are among the most representative disputes in Macedonian courts. Therefore, investment in appropriate legal support for dispute prevention is a very smart decision, not only for the employees, but also for the employers. We are quite sensible that the respect for labour rights, accompanied by a favorable working atmosphere for motivation and development of the employees, are the key-elements for economic development of the company.

Legal Services for Employers - Employment Lawyer

Our legal office, with its vast experience and practical skills acquired by attendance of different trainings (including an Academy for Human Resources), offers you a variety of services, related with:

• Analysis and preparation of necessary documents according the Law on Labour Relations and compatible laws, such as: job systematization, working hours, discipline proceedings, work security and health, personal data protection, protection against mobbing at the workplace;
• Legal counselling about the implementation of the Law on Labour Relations and compatible laws, regular updates about the changes of labour laws;
• Analysis and preparation of employment and management contracts, registration of employees;
• Analysis and preparation of collective agreements;
• Negotiations with trade unions during collective bargaining;
• Taking over employees in the case of statutory company changes;
• Work permits and employment of foreigners;
• Compensation for damage caused by an employee;
• Termination of employment agreements and preregistration of employees;
• Representation in legal disputes upon a lawsuit of an employee or a member of his/her family;
• Other services;

Legal Services for Employees - Labour Lawyer

We offer you services of legal counselling and preparation of the necessary documents for:

• Establishment of a labour relation (employment and management contracts);
• Exercise of labour rights;
• Conducting proceedings for registration, change and termination of trade unions;

Despite this, we offer you representation in labour disputes on the occasion of:

• Illegal termination of employment or illegal fine;
• Mobbing at the workplace;
• Discipline proceedings;
• Competition clause (prohibition to perform competitive activity);
• Ill-treatment of the right of privacy in the workplace (illegal recording or communication monitoring of employees);
• Workplace injury;
• Whistle-blower protection;
• Other proceedings;

The first law in business: Define the rules of play or your competitors will do it.

The importance of micro, small and medium businesses

Micro, small and medium businesses are the most representative businesses in the national economy (with participation of 99,8%) and also, the promoters of economic development. At the same time, these businesses are the biggest employer, contributing to almost 76,6% of all employment. Additionally, the role of the micro, small and medium businesses will be key-founding in the next period of energy transition, since it is expected that these businesses will actively participate in the creation and maintenance of the „green“ jobs.

The prosperity of the micro, small and medium businesses depends on various factors, such as: favorable business environment, services for business development and access to finance. These pieces of information are not always well-known among the investors.

For that reason, our legal office offers you legal counselling for your business needs, in order for you to make the best decision based on relevant information.

Business legal services

Relying not only on our vast experience, but also on our practical skills acquired by attendance to the Program for development of small and medium businesses and other trainings, we offer you a variety of legal services, related to:

• Choosing the best legal form for the organisation of the company;
• Current possibilities for business development, with accent in the area of renewable energy sources;
• Access to finance of domestic and foreign sources;
• Documents for arranging the rights, obligations and responsibility of company's owners;
• Agreements and correspondence with clients and third parties;
• Project documentation for application to access to finance;
• Documentation for acquiring work licences;
• Public acquisitions;
• Preparation of due diligence analysis of the risks derived from the company's statutory changes;
• Other services;

IMPORTANT: If you are interested in using our services monthly, please contact us for receiving the best offer, individually tailored for your needs!

Business registration - Proceeding before Central Registry

Lawyer Tamara Slaveska Apostolovski is a certified registration agent for conveying all proceedings before the Central Registry. Our office will prepare the necessary documentation and conduct the proceedings, especially of:  

• Registration of legal entities with domestic and foreign capital;
• Registration of foreign company's branch;
• Registration of foreign investments;
• Registration of regular company changes (owner, manager, company name, headquarters, e-mail etc.);
• Registration of statutory company changes (division, merger, take-over);
• Registration of company termination;
• Registration of company true ownership;
• Other proceedings (VAT registration etc.);

Legal Services for Contracts

Our law firm always pays special attention when drafting contracts. In doing so, we take care that the agreements, without exception, are drawn up in the interest of both contracting parties, regardless of which one of the parties covers the costs for the composition of the agreement.

In this area, our law firm offers a wide range of analysis and contract services for:

• Purchase and sale;
• Gift;
• Exchange;
• Physical division;
• Lease;
• Service;
• Pledge;
• Mortgage;
• Cession;
• Factoring;
• Assignment;
• Mutual relations;
• Other named and unnamed agreements;

Prevention is far better than legal remedies.

Debt collection problems

Absence of debt collection is often a reason for insolvency of creditor companies, but it is also often a result of insolvency of debtor companies. Increasing the possibilities for successful collection of receivables requires taking appropriate measures, which need appropriate legal knowledge, but also skills, given the fact that debtor companies are not always open to secure the receivables of their creditors. Also, the failure to collect receivables is sometimes due to the absence of clear and precise contractual provisions.

Legal Services for Creditors - Debt Collection Lawyer

Our law office provides you with a series of preventive measures for successful collection of your claims, even before their maturity, such as: legal counselling and preparation of various types of contracts with fixed deadlines, executive clause, joint and several liability, guarantee, pledge and more. We also provide you a wide range of services for collection of your receivables after their maturity, through:

• Representation in proceedings for debt collection before a competent notary public;
• Representation in a lawsuit for debt collection before a competent court;
• Representation in proceedings before a competent enforcement agent;
• Representation in a bankruptcy procedure before a competent court;

In doing so, we choose the legal remedy that will provide the greatest chance for collection of your claim in the fastest possible time with the least costs.

Legal Services for Debtors - Unfounded Debt Lawyer

We also provide legal advice and representation of debtor companies in the above procedures, in case when they are unfounded sued (non-existence of debt, debt fulfillment, debt obsolescence, debt assumption, etc.).

Family and married life is not always "milk and honey"

The importance of the family

The family is the basic cell of any society and a key-factor for the primary socialization of children. Within the family, children learn social norms, rules and values, and are prepared to live in the wider community. The family can perform its function of socialization only if the family relationships are based on love, attention, respect and support. Impaired family relationships not only negatively affect family harmony between members, but also the prosperity and well-being of one's person. Family disharmony necessarily imposes the need for a different arrangement of family relations, which often requires legal expertise. Legal support is also needed in the legal regulation of family relations for other reasons (establishing / disputing paternity or motherhood, adoption of children, etc.)

Legal Services - Family Lawyer

Our law office is sensitized to deal with cases of impaired family relationships, especially with cases of families with minor children. In our work we are always guided by the best interests of the child, depending on the specifics of each case (e.g. in cases of domestic violence, the best interests of the child require that it should be removed away from the violent family environment, or require limitation of contacts with the violent member of the family).

We guarantee you absolute discretion in sharing information with us. We are fully aware of their delicacy and sensitivity. We use all the legal tools at our disposal so that we can help you as soon as possible and with the least cost to exercise your rights and restore your well-being.

In this domain, our law office offers you a wide range of services related to:

• Divorce (with or without spouses` agreement);
• Children / Spouse alimentation;
• Custody of children;
• Division of property acquired in marital life, extramarital life and family community;
• Establishing / disputing paternity or maternity;
• Adoption of children;
• Deprivation of legal capacity;
• Extension of parental rights over children after their coming of age;
• Procedures for prevention and protection from domestic violence;
• Other services;

Legal Services - Inheritance Lawyer

In addition to family law, we offer services in the field of inheritance law, especially in the terms of:

• Distribution of legacy according to the law or the will of the deceased (participation of a lawyer is mandatory);
• Distribution of newly-found property (participation of a lawyer is mandatory);
• Selection of the most appropriate form of will and legal assistance in its compilation;
• Legal counselling and composition of a contract for distribution of property rights during life-time, contract for life-time alimentation, gift contract;
• Proclamation and challenge of a will;
• Exercising and challenging the right to a legacy;
• Exercising and disputing the rights of legal necessary (forced) heirs;
• Other services;

We are always committed to applying the prism of human rights in proceedings.

Experience and knowledge

Thanks to our more than 10-years of diverse practical experience in law, our law office offers you representation for protection and exercise of your rights, legal interests and obligations before competent state bodies, state administration bodies and other legal entities with public powers, notaries, enforcement agents, civil and administrative courts in all instances, including the Constitutional Court. In addition, we cooperate with non-governmental organisations that conduct monitoring of court proceedings, in order to protect the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time, and additionally undertake other accompanying legal mechanisms for faster resolution of proceedings.

Lawyer for representation before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECHRt)

We also offer representation in proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, for which we are specially trained - we have a certificate of successful completion of training organised with the support of the Council of Europe and the European Union.

IMPORTANT FOR POTENTIAL APPLICANTS: Please note that proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights (ECHRt) require appropriate legal expertise. In more than 90% of cases, the Court rejects the appeals for procedural reasons (without going into the examination of the allegations), which often is a result of insufficient knowledge of the admissibility criteria.

„ Freedom and property are inseparable. You cannot have one without the other. “

-George Washington-

The importance of the legal expertise in the exercise of the real estate rights

The right to property and other real estate rights have erga omnes action toward an indefinite group of people. Therefore, they are subjected to registration in the Public Registry of Real Estate Rights, which is based upon the legal assumption that its pieces of information are correct and reliable. Because of this, real estate rights must be registered on the basis of relevant, clear and precise legal grounds (contract, judicial or state decision etc.), which needs an appropriate legal expertise.

Legal Services – Real Estate Lawyer / Property Lawyer

In this field our legal office offers you a variety in services, such as:

• Analysis and preparation of contracts for acquiring property right (sale, gift, exchange, life-long alimentation, disposal of property during a life-time, physical division, etc.);
• Legal counselling and representation in proceedings for denationalization, privatization, expropriation, determination of legal status of illegally constructed objects etc.;
• Analyses and preparation of contracts for property use (lease);
• Legal counselling and representation in proceeding for protection of (co)property right or common property right;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceeding for protection of the right to property acquired during marriage, extramarital union, family community or hereditary community;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceeding for protection of storey property right;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceeding for protection of other real estate rights;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceedings for protection of property possession;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceedings for property execution;
• Other services;

Legal Services – Construction Lawyer

Our legal office offers you complete legal support from the very beginning - signing (pre)contract for co-investment till final realization registration of the object in the Public Registry of Real Estate Rights. Additionally, we collaborate with professionals - architects, urban planners, contractors and supervisors in order to help you make the right choice for your business project.

Our office offers you variety of legal services, such as:

• Analysis and preparation of contracts for co-investment, construction, projection and supervision;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceedings for regulation of property rights;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceeding for acquiring construction permit and use permit;
• Legal counselling and representation in proceedings for registration of construction object;
• Other services;

Our law office has 2-years experience with legal counselling and representation in asylum and citizenship cases, including the rights of foreigners. In this manner, we have continuously attended courses and trainings in refugee rights and asylum seekers rights, organized by international organization, such as UNHCR. Furthermore, we have established a valuable collaboration with NGOs who work in this area. 

We offer you all our experience and knowledge in order to help you exercise your rights.

Our legal office has 2-year experience in the area of human rights and freedoms, especially the ones of marginalized groups. After the founding of our office, we became publicly known for combat against ineffective bureaucracy as legal obstacle for access to justice to Roma people. Nevertheless, we have enlarged our knowledge by attending to various courses and trainings organized by international institutions, such as European Union, Council of Europe and OSCE.