Legal Documents Required in Real Estate Transactions to Verify Property Legitimacy

To ensure that a property is legitimate before buying, it’s essential to obtain specific documents that verify the property’s legal status. Here’s a guide on the documents buyers or agents should request from sellers or their agents in Nigeria:

1. Title Document: This is critical, as it proves ownership and the seller's right to sell the property. Examples of valid title documents in Nigeria include:
   • Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
   • Deed of Assignment
   • Registered Survey Plan
   • Governor's Consent (for properties under the Land Use Act)
2. Approved Survey Plan: This document shows the property’s boundaries and exact location. Ensure it’s approved by relevant authorities to avoid encroachments or government-acquired land.
3. Approved Building Plan (if applicable): For properties with buildings, this document confirms that construction followed legal guidelines and was approved by the state’s planning authority.
4. Deed of Assignment: After a transaction, the Deed of Assignment transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer. It should be prepared and stamped by a qualified lawyer.
5. Proof of Payment of Land Use Charge or Ground Rent: This shows that all dues to the state government have been paid. An unpaid land use charge could lead to legal issues down the line.
6. Property Tax Receipts: Confirm that the seller has settled any property taxes to prevent liability for unpaid taxes.
7. Search Report: Engage a legal expert to conduct a title search at the Land Registry. This will confirm the property’s status and if there are any encumbrances, disputes, or claims against it.

For further legal guidance on property verification in Nigeria, or to conduct a professional property search and documentation review, reach out to Afe Babalola & Co. Our experienced property law experts can help safeguard your interests, ensuring you make a secure investment.