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Commercial litigation in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan refers to the legal process involved in resolving disputes that arise out of business and commercial transactions. This area of the law is governed by a blend of the Jordanian Civil Code, Commercial Law, special laws addressing commercial matters, and relevant international conventions to which Jordan is a party. Disputes may include contract disagreements, partnership or shareholder conflicts, debt collection, business torts, and more. The goal is to resolve conflicts either through court action or alternative dispute resolution, such as arbitration.
Engaging a lawyer experienced in commercial litigation is essential for navigating the complex legal and procedural requirements of the Jordanian legal system. Common situations include:
Having a lawyer ensures your rights are protected, procedures are properly followed, and your interests are represented in negotiations or court.
Jordan's legal framework for commercial litigation is built upon several key laws:
It is important to note that both the Arabic and English languages may be used in business, but all legal proceedings are conducted in Arabic and all documents must be submitted in Arabic or be officially translated.
Commercial litigation is the process of resolving legal disputes that arise from business and commercial transactions. This can involve court cases, negotiations, or arbitration between businesses or between businesses and individuals.
Most commercial cases are filed with the First Instance Courts. For especially large or complex disputes, there are specialized commercial chambers within certain courts.
The time needed depends on the complexity of the case, court schedules, and whether the case is appealed. Simple matters may be resolved in months, while complex disputes can take years.
No, it is not mandatory unless the parties have agreed to such processes in their contract or if the law applicable to their dispute requires it. Arbitration is commonly used for cross-border and large-value business disputes.
Yes, foreign companies can file lawsuits or be sued in Jordanian courts if the dispute is connected to business activities or assets located in Jordan.
Typical evidence includes written contracts, invoices, correspondence, expert reports, electronic communications, and witness testimony. All evidence must be officially translated into Arabic if originally in another language.
Legal fees vary by case complexity and lawyer experience. Court fees are calculated as a percentage of the claim value. Most lawyers require a retainer and may charge hourly or fixed fees.
Yes, Jordanian courts can order preliminary or provisional measures such as freezing assets if there is sufficient legal basis and urgency to protect interests pending the case's outcome.
Foreign judgments and arbitral awards are recognized and enforced in Jordan if certain procedural conditions are met, including reciprocity and compliance with public order.
Yes, decisions of the First Instance Courts can be appealed to the Court of Appeal. The Court of Cassation, Jordan's highest court, may review legal issues raised in appeals from the appellate courts.
If you are involved in a commercial dispute or believe litigation may become necessary in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, consider the following steps:
Professional legal advice is essential to protecting your business interests and ensuring effective resolution under Jordanian law.
