Best Dependent Visa Lawyers in Columbus

About Dependent Visa Law in Columbus, United States

A dependent visa allows the spouse and/or children of a primary visa holder to live in the United States for the duration of the primary visa holder's authorized status. Dependent visas are granted based on the immigration category of the primary nonimmigrant or immigrant - common nonimmigrant dependent categories include H-4 for H-1B dependents, L-2 for L-1 dependents, F-2 for F-1 student dependents, and J-2 for J-1 exchange visitor dependents. Federal immigration law and federal agencies set the rules that determine eligibility, application procedures, and work authorization for dependents.

While federal law governs visas and immigration status, living in Columbus, Ohio introduces local practical considerations such as obtaining a state identification or driver license, school enrollment for children, access to local services, and interactions with local courts if family law issues arise. This guide explains the basic legal framework and the local touchpoints that matter for dependents in Columbus.

This content is for informational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. If you have a specific immigration situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Why You May Need a Lawyer

Immigration law is technical and decisions can have long-term consequences. You may need a lawyer if you face any of the following common situations:

- Complex eligibility questions about whether a dependent qualifies for status or a work permit.

- Denial or delay of an application for extension, change of status, or employment authorization.

- Adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident where derivative beneficiary rules or priority date retrogression may apply.

- Issues that arise at U.S. consulates or ports of entry including visa refusals or administrative processing.

- Criminal charges, arrests, or other conduct that could cause inadmissibility or deportation risks.

- Divorce, separation, or child custody disputes that could affect immigration status or raise questions about fraud allegations.

- Aging-out concerns for children approaching their 21st birthday and possible eligibility under protections such as the Child Status Protection Act.

- Employer or primary visa-holder losing status or changing employers - this may require rapid action to preserve dependent status.

Working with an attorney can help you understand options, prepare accurate applications, meet tight deadlines, respond to Requests for Evidence, and represent you at interviews or in hearings if needed.

Local Laws Overview

Although immigration benefits are governed by federal law, several local and state rules affect everyday life in Columbus for dependent visa holders. Key local considerations include the following.

- Driver licenses and state identification - The Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles issues driver licenses and state IDs. Eligibility and documentation requirements vary by immigration status and may require proof of lawful presence or acceptable supporting documents. Check local BMV guidance and bring immigration documents, passports, and proof of Columbus or Ohio residency when applying.

- Education - Children on dependent visas can attend public K-12 schools in Columbus. School enrollment will require proof of residency and immunization records but schools cannot deny access based on immigration status.

- Employment authorization - Work authorization is controlled at the federal level. Some dependent categories are eligible to apply for an Employment Authorization Document. Without an EAD or qualifying permission, working in the U.S. is not allowed even if state rules permit certain licensing.

- Public benefits - Many federal means-tested benefits are limited to permanent residents, refugees, and certain other statuses. Nonimmigrant dependents are generally not eligible for most federal cash benefits. Local charities, schools, and municipal programs in Columbus may offer limited services regardless of immigration status.

- Health care and insurance - Access to non-emergency Medicaid and other public health programs is restricted for many nonimmigrant dependents. Emergency medical care is available regardless of immigration status. Private health insurance options and employer-sponsored plans may be available to dependents who are authorized to enroll.

- Family law - Divorce, custody, child support, and domestic relations matters are handled by Franklin County courts and municipal courts. Outcomes in family court can affect a dependent's immigration situation, for example if a dependent spouse loses the qualifying relationship with the primary visa holder. When family law and immigration intersect, coordinated advice from a family lawyer and an immigration lawyer is often essential.

- Interactions with law enforcement - Noncitizens should know their rights during encounters with police and immigration officials. Contacting a lawyer promptly after any arrest or detention is important to protect immigration status.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a dependent visa and who can apply?

A dependent visa is a classification given to family members of a primary visa holder so they can accompany or join that person in the United States. Typically spouses and unmarried minor children qualify as dependents. Eligibility depends on the primary visa category - for example, spouses and children of H-1B holders may seek H-4 status, while spouses and children of F-1 students would seek F-2 status.

What are the most common dependent visa categories I should know about?

Common dependent categories include H-4 for dependents of H-1B workers, L-2 for dependents of L-1 intracompany transferees, F-2 for dependents of F-1 students, and J-2 for dependents of J-1 exchange visitors. Each category has distinct rules about duration of stay, work permission, and eligibility for benefits.

Can dependents work in Columbus while on a dependent visa?

Work authorization rules depend on the dependent category. L-2 spouses can apply for work authorization and are generally eligible to work after receiving an EAD. H-4 spouses can work only if they meet specific federal criteria - for example, if the H-1B principal has an approved immigrant petition or is qualified for a multi-year extension beyond the ordinary limit. F-2 dependents are generally not permitted to work. J-2 dependents may apply for an EAD and may work if authorized. Always wait for an approved EAD before beginning employment.

How do I apply for dependent status or extend my current dependent status while in Columbus?

If you are inside the United States you typically apply to change or extend nonimmigrant status with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services by filing the appropriate form - for many nonimmigrant dependents that is Form I-539. Some dependents seeking employment authorization must also file Form I-765. Applications require supporting documents such as proof of relationship, copies of passports and Form I-94s, and filing fees. In some cases dependents apply at a U.S. consulate abroad through consular processing instead of filing in the United States.

What documents should I prepare for a dependent visa application or interview?

Common supporting documents include valid passports for each applicant, marriage certificate for spouses, birth certificates for children showing the relationship, copies of the principal visa holder's visa and approval notices, proof of financial support or sponsor documents, Form I-94 arrival records, recent passport-style photos, and translations of any documents not in English. For adjustment of status, medical examination results and additional civil documents may be required.

What happens if the primary visa holder loses their status?

If the primary visa holder loses or abandons their qualifying status, derivative dependents generally also lose their dependent status. Dependents must either find an alternative lawful status, apply for extension or change of status if eligible, or prepare to depart the United States. In some cases there are short grace periods or alternative remedies, so contact an immigration attorney promptly if the principal loses status.

Can a dependent apply for a green card?

Yes, dependents may be eligible to receive a green card as derivative beneficiaries if the primary applicant is pursuing permanent residence through an employer or family member petition. The exact route depends on the immigration category, visa availability, and whether adjustment of status or consular processing is appropriate. Dependents who qualify may file to adjust status in the United States or complete consular processing overseas when an immigrant visa becomes available.

Will my children be able to attend school in Columbus?

Children on dependent visas can attend public K-12 schools in Columbus. School districts enroll students regardless of immigration status, and public schools will provide required educational services. You will need enrollment documentation such as proof of residency, immunization records, and identity documents. For higher education, residency and tuition rules are governed by state and institutional policies and may require documentation to establish in-state tuition eligibility.

How long does it take to get a dependent visa or an Employment Authorization Document?

Processing times vary widely based on the type of application, whether you file in the United States or at a consulate, current USCIS workload, and whether additional evidence is requested. Some nonimmigrant extensions or changes can take several months. EAD processing can also take several months, and premium processing is not available for most dependent EAD filings. Check current processing time estimates with the relevant federal agency and plan accordingly.

What should I do if my dependent visa application is denied or I receive a Request for Evidence?

Read the denial or Request for Evidence carefully to understand the reasons. In many cases you can respond to a Request for Evidence by submitting the requested documentation within the deadline. For denials, there may be options to file an appeal, a motion to reopen or reconsider, or to refile with corrected information. Consult an immigration attorney promptly to determine the best course of action and to avoid further jeopardizing status.

Additional Resources

Below are local and federal organizations and resources that can help with dependent visa questions and supporting needs in Columbus.

- U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services - main federal agency that handles most nonimmigrant and immigrant applications and employment authorization.

- U.S. Department of State - visa issuance and consular processing for applicants applying from abroad.

- Executive Office for Immigration Review - handles immigration court matters if removal proceedings arise.

- Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles - for driver license and state ID information relevant to dependents living in Columbus.

- Franklin County Domestic Relations and Probate Courts - for family law matters that can affect immigration status.

- Columbus City Schools - for K-12 enrollment procedures for dependent children.

- Legal Aid Society of Columbus and local nonprofit immigration service providers - for low-cost or pro bono help and community resources.

- Ohio Immigration Coalition and other community groups that assist immigrants with integration services, referrals, and advocacy.

- American Immigration Lawyers Association - national professional association where you can find accredited immigration attorneys, including those serving Columbus.

Next Steps

If you need legal assistance with a dependent visa matter in Columbus, take these practical next steps:

- Gather your documents - passports, I-94 records, marriage and birth certificates, copies of the principal visa holder's approval notices, and any correspondence from federal agencies. Keep both original documents and clear photocopies.

- Verify your current status and expiration dates for all family members. Note any upcoming deadlines for extensions, changes of status, or travel.

- Avoid unauthorized employment. If you believe you may be eligible for work authorization, consult an attorney before starting any job.

- Contact a licensed immigration attorney for a case evaluation - choose someone experienced in dependent visas and who understands both federal immigration rules and local practicalities in Columbus.

- If cost is a concern, contact local legal aid organizations or community groups that offer low-cost or pro bono services for initial guidance.

- If you are facing an emergency such as detention, arrest, or imminent loss of status, seek immediate legal representation and keep copies of all relevant immigration documents with a trusted person.

- Keep copies of every application you submit and track receipt notices and case numbers. Use official receipt numbers to monitor case status through the appropriate federal agency.

Taking these steps will help you protect your rights and preserve options while navigating the dependent visa process. For specific legal strategy and representation, consult a licensed immigration attorney in the Columbus area.