Best Labor Law Lawyers in New Cairo

About Labor Law in New Cairo, Egypt

Labor law in New Cairo is governed by Egyptian national labor legislation and implementing regulations, applied by local labor authorities and courts in the Cairo governorate. The main legal framework is the Egyptian Labor Law and its amendments, supplemented by social insurance rules, ministerial decrees, and workplace health and safety regulations. Employment relationships in New Cairo - whether private sector companies, multinational firms, or local businesses in new business districts - are subject to these laws. The law covers hiring and dismissal, working hours and overtime, wages and benefits, occupational safety, leave entitlements, social insurance, and mechanisms for resolving disputes between employers and employees.

Why You May Need a Lawyer

Labor matters can be complex and time sensitive. You may need a lawyer if you face any of the following situations:

- Unlawful termination or disputes over severance pay and end-of-service compensation.

- Nonpayment or late payment of salary, allowances, overtime, or bonuses.

- Workplace discrimination, harassment, or retaliation claims.

- Disputes about employment contract terms - such as probation, fixed-term versus open-ended contracts, or restrictive covenants.

- Workplace injuries and claims for compensation or medical coverage under social insurance.

- Collective disputes involving unions, collective bargaining, strikes, or trade union recognition.

- Foreign employee issues, including work permits, residency, and termination of expatriate contracts.

- Compliance advice for employers - drafting employee handbooks, employment contracts, and internal procedures to reduce legal risk.

- Representation in labor tribunals, mediation sessions, administrative proceedings, or civil courts when attempts at resolution fail.

Local Laws Overview

This overview highlights key legal aspects most relevant to workers and employers in New Cairo. For case-specific advice consult a lawyer.

- Employment relationship and contracts - Written contracts are recommended. Contracts may be for a definite term or indefinite term. Probation periods, job description, salary, and benefits should be clear in the contract.

- Working hours and overtime - The law sets maximum regular working hours and rules for overtime pay. Employers must follow statutory limits on working hours, rest breaks, and weekly rest days.

- Wages and benefits - Employers must pay agreed salaries on time. Statutory minimum wage levels and mandatory allowances may apply, and certain benefits such as end-of-service payments or severance may be triggered on termination.

- Leave entitlements - Annual paid leave, sick leave with medical certification, maternity leave for female employees, and other statutory leaves are provided under the law.

- Termination and severance - Termination must comply with procedural and substantive rules. Unlawful dismissal can give rise to compensation or reinstatement claims. Severance or end-of-service benefits are calculated according to the employment contract and statutory rules.

- Occupational health and safety - Employers must provide safe working conditions and observe health and safety standards. Labor inspectors may carry out inspections and impose sanctions for violations.

- Social insurance and worker protection - Social insurance contributions and entitlements, including pensions and medical coverage, are regulated separately and apply to most employees.

- Labor dispute resolution - Disputes are often handled first through ministry-conducted conciliation or labor offices. If not resolved, parties may go to labor courts or specialized tribunals, and some disputes may be referred to arbitration or mediation.

- Employment of foreign nationals - Hiring foreign workers requires appropriate work permits, residency documentation, and compliance with visa and labor permit regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I do first if my employer stops paying my salary?

Immediately document the missed payments and keep copies of your employment contract, payslips, bank statements, and any written communication. Raise the issue in writing with your employer and keep a record of the complaint. If the employer does not resolve it, file a complaint with the local labor office or seek legal advice to start formal procedures. Acting quickly is important because some remedies have time limits.

Am I protected from unfair dismissal and what remedies are available?

Employees are protected from unlawful dismissal under Egyptian labor law. If dismissal is unlawful, remedies can include monetary compensation, reinstatement in some cases, or severance payments depending on the circumstances and the type of contract. The exact remedy depends on the facts, the employer's justification, and the decision of conciliators or courts. Seek legal advice to evaluate options and gather evidence.

How is severance or end-of-service pay calculated?

Severance or end-of-service entitlements depend on the contract, the type of termination, and applicable statutory rules. Factors include length of service, salary level, and whether the termination was fair or unlawful. Because calculations can be technical and sometimes disputed, ask a lawyer or labor specialist to review your contract and payroll records to estimate entitlements accurately.

Can my employer change my contract terms, such as salary or working hours?

An employer cannot unilaterally change fundamental contract terms without the employee's consent unless the contract or law provides a mechanism for change. Significant changes usually require agreement in writing. If an employer attempts to impose detrimental changes, you can challenge them through internal grievance procedures, labor office conciliation, or court proceedings.

What rights do I have if I am injured at work?

If you suffer a workplace injury, you have rights to medical care and compensation under social insurance and occupational injury rules. Report the injury to your employer and seek medical attention immediately. Preserve medical records, accident reports, and witness statements. If the employer fails to cover costs or the insurer disputes the claim, consult a lawyer to protect your rights and claim compensation.

How are fixed-term contracts treated compared to open-ended contracts?

Fixed-term contracts specify an end date and end automatically unless renewed. Repeated renewals may be treated differently under the law and can affect rights on termination and severance. Open-ended contracts generally provide broader protections against dismissal and different entitlements. If you are unsure about your contract type or the effects of renewal, get legal advice.

What protections exist against workplace harassment or discrimination?

Labor law and related regulations prohibit discrimination and harassment in employment. Employers are expected to maintain safe and respectful workplaces. If you experience harassment or discrimination, document incidents, use company complaint procedures, and report to labor authorities if internal remedies fail. A lawyer can help pursue remedies including compensation or corrective orders.

Do unions operate in New Cairo and how can I engage with them?

Trade unions and worker representation structures operate in Egypt, and employees have rights related to collective bargaining and union membership subject to statutory rules. If you are part of a workplace with union activity, contact union representatives or local union bodies for assistance. For collective disputes, specialized procedures apply and legal counsel can advise on strategy.

What are my rights as a foreign worker in New Cairo?

Foreign workers must have valid work permits and residency documents. Employment contracts for expatriates should comply with Egyptian labor law and immigration rules. If you face issues such as termination, nonpayment, or permit cancellation, consult both a labor lawyer and an immigration specialist to protect your employment and residency status.

How long does it take to resolve a labor dispute and what costs are involved?

Resolution time varies. Many disputes are first sent to conciliation at the labor office, which can take weeks to months; unresolved matters may go to labor courts and take longer. Costs depend on whether you hire a lawyer, whether the matter proceeds to trial, and case complexity. Some lawyers offer fixed-fee consultations or contingency arrangements for certain claims. Ask about timelines and fee structures during your first meeting.

Additional Resources

These organizations and institutions can provide information or assistance related to labor law matters in New Cairo. Contact them for guidance or to confirm current rules.

- Ministry of Manpower or the government department responsible for labor and employment policy - for labor inspections, complaints, and conciliation processes.

- National Organization for Social Insurance or the social insurance authority - for questions about contributions, pensions, workplace injury benefits, and medical coverage.

- Cairo labor tribunals and labor offices - for filing complaints and initiating conciliation and adjudication procedures in the Cairo governorate.

- Cairo Bar Association and local law firms - for referrals to qualified labor lawyers who represent employees or employers.

- Local trade unions or worker associations - for collective representation and advice on union-related matters.

- Non-governmental organizations and legal aid clinics that provide employment rights assistance and counseling to employees with limited resources.

Next Steps

Follow these practical steps if you need legal assistance in a labor matter in New Cairo:

- Collect and organize documents - employment contract, payslips, bank statements, correspondence, medical reports, attendance records, and any written warnings or notices.

- Make a written complaint to your employer and keep a copy - use recorded delivery or internal email so there is a record.

- Contact the local labor office to learn about conciliation procedures and how to file a formal complaint if internal resolution fails.

- Seek an initial consultation with a qualified labor lawyer - ask about experience with similar cases, likely outcomes, timeframes, and fee arrangements.

- Consider alternatives to litigation - mediation or negotiated settlement can be faster and less costly in many cases.

- Preserve evidence and witness contacts - do not delete messages or destroy documents that relate to the dispute.

- If cost is a concern, ask about legal aid options, pro bono services, or trade union support.

Taking timely, informed steps improves your chances of a successful outcome. Legal counsel can explain options, protect your rights, and represent you through conciliation or court proceedings when necessary.