48 articles found in Turkey

No Automatic Recognition: Foreign court judgments have no power in Turkey until you win a formal enforcement lawsuit (Tenfiz) under Turkish private international law. Mediation is Mandatory: You cannot jump...

How to Restructure Debt for Your Turkish Subsidiary Act before absolute insolvency: Turkish law favors companies that file for restructuring while they are still functional but face imminent cash-flow risks....

No Specific Franchise Law: Turkey does not have a dedicated franchise statute. Agreements are governed by the Turkish Code of Obligations and the Turkish Commercial Code, making precise contract drafting...

Low Thresholds for Tech: Transactions involving target companies active in digital platforms, software, biotechnology, or financial technologies in Turkey almost always trigger a mandatory filing due to the elimination of...

Dual-Use Licensing is Mandatory: The Turkish Ministry of Trade regulates the export of dual-use goods under standard HS codes, aligning with EU standards and multilateral agreements. The Secondary Sanctions Trap:...

A Shareholders' Agreement (SHA) creates contractual obligations between partners under Turkish contract law, but only the Articles of Association (AoA) bind the company and third parties directly. Deadlock mechanisms with...

Turkish tenancy law strongly favors residential tenants. Landlords cannot evict an occupant simply because a fixed lease term expires. Rent increases on annual renewals are capped by the official 12-month...

Mandatory commercial mediation is a required legal step under Turkish law for monetary commercial claims before filing a lawsuit in court. Foreign corporations must issue a notarized and apostilled Special...