23 articles found in Turkey

For residential lease renewals after July 1, 2024, the 25% rent increase cap has expired; increases are now limited by the 12-month average of the Consumer Price Index (TÜFE). Landlords...

Mandatory mediation is a legal prerequisite for nearly all commercial litigation involving monetary claims in Turkey. Foreign companies can initiate debt collection proceedings (İcra Takibi) without a court judgment to...

Mandatory Registration: Foreign data controllers targeting the Turkish market or monitoring Turkish residents must register with the VERBIS system before processing data. 2024 Reform: Recent amendments to the KVKK have...

ISTAC arbitration clauses allow commercial landlords and tenants to bypass the 2-3 year backlog in Turkish civil courts, often resolving disputes within 6 months. A valid arbitration agreement must be...

Turkey is a signatory to the New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are generally enforceable provided there is reciprocity between Turkey and the country where the award was rendered....

Always check the title deed (tapu), zoning status (imar durumu), and building permits at the Land Registry and municipality before paying any substantial amount. Buying property in Turkey usually takes...

Most employment relationships in Turkey are governed by Labour Law No. 4857 and the Turkish Code of Obligations, with strong protection on termination, overtime, and severance pay. Standard weekly working...

Most accident and injury claims in Turkey are based on fault under the Turkish Code of Obligations, with strict rules for traffic and workplace accidents. General time limit is 2...

Key Takeaways Turkey’s immigration system is governed mainly by Law No. 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection and administered by the Presidency of Migration Management (Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı). Common paths...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding the Realistic 2025 TimelineThe Four-Phase Application ProcessPhase 1: Investment and Preliminary Steps (4-8 Weeks)Phase 2: Residence Permit and Citizenship Application (3-6 Weeks)Phase 3: Government Vetting and...

Marriage to a Turkish citizen provides a road to Turkish citizenship, but it's crucial to recognize that Turkish citizenship via marriage is not automatically given. The procedure is controlled by...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding the "Real Cost"Core Investment ThresholdsBreakdown of Additional Costs and FeesProperty-Related Expenses (Real Estate Pathway)General Administrative and Professional Fees (All Pathways)Understanding The Mandatory Currency Exchange ProcessEstimated Total...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding Turkish Child Custody LawsThe Golden Rule: The "Best Interests of the Child" PrincipleThe Legal Foundation: Turkish Civil Code and International LawTypes of Custody Arrangements in TurkeySole...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Judicial Process of Divorce in TurkeyThe Two Paths to Divorce: Uncontested vs. ContestedPath 1: The Uncontested Divorce (Anlaşmalı Boşanma)Eligibility RequirementsCreating the Divorce ProtocolThe Court HearingPath 2:...

The arbitration scene in Turkey is mainly occupied by four institutions, namely: Turkish Bar Association Arbitration Centre, Turkish Insurance Arbitration Commission, Istanbul Arbitration Centre(ISTAC),  Istanbul Chamber of Commerce Arbitratiın Centre(ITOTAM)....

Table of ContentsIntroduction: Pathways to a Turkish PassportCitizenship by Descent (Right of Blood)For Children of Turkish ParentsRegarding Ottoman AncestryCitizenship Through MarriageCitizenship by Naturalization (Long-Term Residency)The 5-Year Continuous Residency RuleProving Societal...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Existential Risks to a Business in TürkiyeThe Legal Framework for Corporate SanctionsWhen Can a Business License Be Revoked?The Core Condition: Abuse of Public AuthorityPractical ExamplesAsset Confiscation...

Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Dual-Risk Reality for Companies in TürkiyeThe Guiding Principle: Personal Criminality and Corporate ConsequencesParallel Sanctions: Penalties for Individuals and the CompanyPenalties for Individuals (Executives, Directors, and Employees)"Security...

In today's challenging economic climate, many businesses in Turkey find themselves struggling with commercial debt. Whether your company is dealing with business loans, trade liabilities, or other financial obligations, understanding...

For businesses operating in Turkey, understanding the country's labor laws is essential for maintaining compliance and fostering positive workplace relations. Whether you're a foreign company establishing operations in Turkey or...