368 articles found

Arbitration in Thailand is governed by the Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002), which is largely based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. Parties can choose between institutional arbitration, such as the...

Contractors in Thailand are legally liable for defects for one year after delivery, extending to five years for structural failures under the Civil and Commercial Code. Owners must provide a...

Foreign firms have eight days from the discovery of a defect to notify an Italian supplier, or they risk losing all warranty rights under Article 1495 of the Italian Civil...

Canadian businesses are subject to strict liability under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (FAC), meaning intent is often irrelevant...

Shareholders in South African private companies can proactively prevent deadlocks by including customized tie-breaker provisions in their Memorandum of Incorporation (MOI). The "Shotgun Clause" is a high-stakes exit mechanism that...

Turkey is a signatory to the New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are generally enforceable provided there is reciprocity between Turkey and the country where the award was rendered....

The Civil Transactions Law (CTL), effective December 2023, is Saudi Arabia's first comprehensive codification of contract law, moving away from uncodified Sharia principles. Good faith is a mandatory statutory requirement...

Foreign investors primarily use three routes to enter the Indian market: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF). The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)...

Free Zone companies must register for Corporate Tax regardless of whether they expect to pay the 0% or 9% rate. To maintain "Qualifying Free Zone Person" (QFZP) status, entities must...

A foreign branch is not a separate legal entity; the parent company remains 100% liable for all obligations and debts incurred by the Thai branch. Most foreign branches require a...

Legal Personality: Upgrading to a Private Limited Company (Ltd) creates a separate legal entity, protecting your personal assets from business liabilities. Cessation Requirement: You must formally file a "Notice of...

Trade sales remain the most common exit route in the UAE due to speed and the high presence of strategic international buyers seeking regional footprints. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on...

The Dutch Participation Exemption eliminates corporate income tax on dividends and capital gains derived from qualifying subsidiaries. The Netherlands offers one of the world's most extensive networks of Bilateral Investment...

Strict Timelines: In the Philippines, you generally have 30 calendar days to file a formal "Answer" after receiving a summons; failing to do so can result in a default judgment...

- Italian exporters must screen all buyers, intermediaries, and end-users against updated EU and international consolidated sanction lists to avoid severe criminal penalties. - Luxury goods exceeding specific price thresholds...

Divorce for NRIs: Legal Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Foreign Decrees in India Navigating a divorce while living abroad presents a unique set of legal challenges for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). While...

Repatriating Profits: Foreign Investment Laws in South Africa South Africa offers a sophisticated legal framework for international investors, but the movement of capital across its borders is strictly governed by...

- You generally have 30 calendar days from the date of service to file a formal response with the California Superior Court.  - Failing to respond leads to a "default...

Being sued by a customer is a stressful milestone for any South African business owner, but it does not have to be catastrophic. Whether the dispute arises from a defective...

Navigating the legal landscape of India's startup ecosystem requires a proactive approach to mitigate risks before they escalate. From formalizing founder relationships to maintaining rigorous regulatory compliance, a solid legal...