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Browse our 6 legal questions about Employment & Labor in United States and the lawyer answers, or ask your own questions for free.
Employment and labor law in California governs the relationship between employers and employees, aiming to ensure fair treatment, non-discrimination, employee safety, and proper compensation. California is known for its employee-friendly regulations, often providing broader rights than federal law. Areas covered include minimum wage, overtime, meal and rest breaks, wrongful termination, harassment, discrimination, retaliation, workplace safety, and employee benefits. Both employers and employees must understand their rights and obligations under state, federal, and sometimes local laws.
There are many situations in the workplace where legal assistance is necessary. Common scenarios include:
Lawyers help interpret complex laws, evaluate facts, negotiate settlements, and represent clients in court or administrative hearings.
California employment law is distinct in several ways. The state enforces one of the highest minimum wages in the country, which can differ by city or county. Employees are entitled to overtime pay for hours worked over eight in a day or forty in a week. Strict laws govern meal and rest breaks, and employers must provide adequate workplace accommodations for employees with disabilities or pregnancy-related conditions. California prohibits discrimination based on numerous protected categories, and retaliation against employees for lawful complaints is forbidden. There are strong protections for whistleblowers and regulations to prevent worker misclassification. The state also mandates various types of paid and unpaid leave, including sick leave, family leave, and pregnancy disability leave. Employees may enforce their rights through administrative complaints or lawsuits.
As of 2024, the statewide minimum wage is at least 16 dollars per hour, but some cities and counties require a higher rate. Always check local ordinances for the most current rate in your area.
Most non-exempt employees in California must receive overtime pay at one and one-half times their regular rate for hours worked over eight in a day or forty in a week. Double time may apply for work over twelve hours in a day or for hours over eight on the seventh straight day of work.
Employees working more than five hours a day must receive a thirty-minute unpaid meal break. A second meal break is required after ten hours. Employees are also entitled to a ten-minute paid rest break for every four hours worked.
California is an at-will employment state, meaning employers can terminate employment for almost any reason or no reason at all, except if the reason is illegal, such as discrimination or retaliation.
If you believe you have been discriminated against due to a protected characteristic, document your experiences and contact the Department of Fair Employment and Housing or an employment law attorney for guidance.
Wrongful termination occurs when an employee is fired for reasons that violate the law, such as discrimination, retaliation, or refusing to perform illegal acts.
California uses the "ABC test" to determine independent contractor status. Unless an employer can demonstrate certain criteria, the worker is presumed to be an employee. Misclassification can result in legal penalties.
Employees may be entitled to job-protected leave under the California Family Rights Act or the federal Family and Medical Leave Act if they meet eligibility requirements, such as working for a covered employer for at least twelve months.
Retaliation for engaging in protected activities, such as filing a complaint or reporting safety violations, is illegal. Affected employees can file complaints with state agencies or seek legal counsel to pursue remedies.
Employees can file wage claims for unpaid wages, overtime, or meal and rest break violations with the California Labor Commissioner’s Office (Division of Labor Standards Enforcement). Having documentation and evidence will strengthen your case.
If you believe your employment rights have been violated, consider the following steps:
Seeking legal assistance early can help protect your rights and lead to a more favorable outcome for your employment situation.
