Best Employment & Labor Lawyers in Missouri

About Employment & Labor Law in Missouri, United States

Employment and labor law in Missouri governs the relationships and rights between employers and employees within the state. These laws cover a broad range of workplace issues, including hiring, firing, workplace discrimination, wage and hour regulations, workplace safety, benefits, collective bargaining, and leave policies. While federal laws set many minimum standards, Missouri also has state-specific statutes and rules that shape the work environment and offer protections for workers and employers alike.

Why You May Need a Lawyer

There are several situations where individuals or businesses might need legal assistance in Missouri employment and labor matters. Common reasons include:

• Wrongful termination - being fired for reasons that violate state or federal law
• Workplace discrimination or harassment based on protected categories such as race, gender, age, disability, or religion
• Wage and hour disputes, such as unpaid overtime, failure to pay minimum wage, or denial of meal and rest breaks
• Issues related to employment contracts, non-compete clauses, or severance agreements
• Retaliation for whistleblowing or reporting illegal workplace conduct
• Unemployment benefits denials and appeals
• Family and medical leave disagreements
• Workplace safety violations (OSHA complaints)
• Collective bargaining and union-related legal issues
• Advice for employers on compliance with state and federal regulations

A lawyer can help clarify your rights, represent you in negotiations or litigation, and guide you through complex procedures.

Local Laws Overview

Missouri’s employment and labor laws intersect with federal laws but include unique regulations that directly affect both workers and employers. Here are several key aspects of Missouri's laws:

• At-will Employment: Missouri is an at-will employment state. This means employers can terminate employees for any reason or no reason at all, as long as it is not illegal (such as discrimination or retaliation).
• Minimum Wage: Missouri sets its own minimum wage, which may be higher than the federal minimum. The state updates the minimum wage annually based on inflation.
• Discrimination Laws: The Missouri Human Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, sex, disability, and age (40-69).
• Unemployment Benefits: Missouri has specific requirements and procedures for applying for unemployment benefits and appealing denials.
• Workers' Compensation: Most Missouri employers must carry workers' compensation insurance to cover work-related injuries or illnesses.
• Wage Payment: State law regulates the timing and manner of wage payments, and outlines how final paychecks must be delivered after job separation.
• Right to Work: As of 2024, Missouri is not a right-to-work state, meaning union membership or payment of union dues can be a condition of employment in unionized workplaces.

Frequently Asked Questions

What do I do if I believe I was fired illegally in Missouri?

If you suspect you were wrongfully terminated for an unlawful reason such as discrimination, retaliation, or in violation of an employment contract, collect relevant documentation and consult a qualified employment attorney. You may also file a complaint with the Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

How can I file a discrimination complaint against my employer?

Complaints can be filed with the Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) or the EEOC. It is important to file within the required time frame, usually 180 days to 300 days from the date of the alleged discrimination. An attorney can help you prepare your complaint and navigate the process.

What is Missouri’s current minimum wage?

Missouri adjusts its minimum wage annually. As of 2024, the minimum wage is $12.30 per hour for most non-exempt employees. Some exemptions apply, such as for tipped workers or certain seasonal employees.

Can my employer require me to work overtime?

Employers in Missouri can require overtime, but non-exempt employees must be paid at least one and one-half times their regular rate for hours worked over 40 in a workweek. Some job categories are exempt from overtime rules.

Am I entitled to breaks or meal periods under Missouri law?

Missouri law does not require employers to provide meal periods or rest breaks for adult employees, though federal law applies to certain breaks if they are offered. Some employers may have policies or collective bargaining agreements that provide for breaks.

How do I apply for unemployment benefits in Missouri?

You can file an unemployment claim online through the Missouri Department of Labor website, or by phone. Prepare to provide employment history, recent pay stubs, and your reason for separation. Decisions can be appealed if you are initially denied benefits.

What rights do employees have regarding workplace safety?

Employees have the right to a safe workplace under both federal OSHA laws and Missouri statutes. Report safety hazards to your employer and, if unresolved, to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Retaliation for reporting safety concerns is unlawful.

Do I have protection against harassment at work?

Yes, Missouri law and federal laws protect employees from harassment based on protected characteristics such as sex, race, religion, national origin, disability, and age. This includes both sexual harassment and other kinds of unwelcome conduct.

Do Missouri employers have to provide family or medical leave?

Missouri follows the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which requires covered employers to provide eligible employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave for certain family and medical reasons. There is no broader state law mandating additional family or medical leave.

What should I do if I have a wage or hour dispute with my employer?

Contact the Missouri Division of Labor Standards to file a wage complaint, or consult an employment attorney for guidance. Keep records of hours worked and communications with your employer.

Additional Resources

If you are seeking more information or assistance, consider the following resources:

• Missouri Department of Labor and Industrial Relations - handles wage claims, unemployment benefits, and workplace safety
• Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) - investigates discrimination and harassment complaints
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) - enforces federal discrimination laws
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - investigates workplace safety violations
• Legal Services of Eastern or Western Missouri - offers free legal help to eligible individuals
• Missouri Bar Association - provides lawyer referral services and public information

Next Steps

If you need legal assistance with an employment or labor issue in Missouri, begin by gathering all documents related to your situation such as employment contracts, pay stubs, performance reviews, and correspondence with your employer. Identify the exact nature of your concern and any deadlines that may apply, such as complaint filing periods. Consider contacting one of the recommended organizations above or consulting with an experienced employment attorney for a case evaluation. Many lawyers offer an initial consultation to discuss your options. Acting promptly will help preserve your rights and improve your chances of a successful outcome.