445 articles found

Singapore is a pro-enforcement jurisdiction, meaning the courts rarely interfere with international arbitration awards unless there is a severe procedural flaw. Foreign awards from over 170 signatory countries of the...

The Out-of-Court Workout (OCW) is a digital platform designed to restructure debts exceeding €10,000 owed to the Greek State, social security funds, and financial institutions. Eligible businesses can secure up...

For residential lease renewals after July 1, 2024, the 25% rent increase cap has expired; increases are now limited by the 12-month average of the Consumer Price Index (TÜFE). Landlords...

The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) applies only to property sold by developers or investors in the ordinary course of their business, not to private sales between individuals. Developers cannot use...

Superannuation is not automatically part of your estate and requires a Binding Death Benefit Nomination (BDBN) to ensure it reaches your intended heirs. Digital or "informal" wills are legally risky...

Commercial arbitration in Malaysia is governed by the Arbitration Act 2005, which is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law, ensuring a framework that aligns with international standards. The Asian International...

The CREATE Act reduced the standard Corporate Income Tax (CIT) for foreign-owned corporations from 30% to 25%, making the Philippines more competitive within the ASEAN region. Incentives are performance-based and...

As of January 1, 2024, foreign companies without a Regional Headquarters (RHQ) in Riyadh are generally ineligible for contracts with Saudi government agencies and state-owned entities. The RHQ program offers...

The Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act requires qualifying Canadian businesses and importers to submit an annual report by May 31 each year. Reporting entities...

Dutch companies must comply with both EU regulations and the Dutch Sanctions Act 1977, which imposes strict criminal and administrative penalties for violations. An Internal Compliance Program (ICP) is the...

The Out-of-Court Workout (OCW) is a purely digital process conducted through a specialized platform to settle debts with banks, the State, and social security funds. Successful applications grant a 90-day...

Joint custody is the default: Under Italian law, affidamento condiviso (joint custody) is the legal standard, ensuring the child maintains a continuous relationship with both parents regardless of nationality. Habitual...

Regulatory Approval: Most exits via secondary sales or buybacks must comply with Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) pricing guidelines to ensure capital can be legally repatriated. Enforceability: Put and call...

All business entities in Nigeria must register with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) under the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA 2020). A Private Limited Company (Ltd) is the most...

South African courts generally require either a submission to jurisdiction or the attachment of assets to hear a case against a foreign entity. The Hague Service Convention streamlines the legal...

South African courts generally require an attachment of property to establish jurisdiction over a foreign defendant who has no local presence. The Hague Service Convention streamlines the process of serving...

Intellectual property (IP) in Canada is governed by a "first-to-file" system, meaning the first person to file a patent application generally has priority over earlier inventors who did not file....

Italian exporters must comply with Regulation (EU) 2021/821, which governs "dual-use" items that can be used for both civilian and military purposes. The primary regulatory authority in Italy is UAMA...

The Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process (PIRP) is a "debtor-in-possession" model, allowing MSME owners to retain control of their business during restructuring. To be eligible, a business must be classified as...

Mandatory mediation is a legal prerequisite for nearly all commercial litigation involving monetary claims in Turkey. Foreign companies can initiate debt collection proceedings (İcra Takibi) without a court judgment to...