400 articles found

Three-Year Minimum Protection: All commercial leases in Greece are legally protected for a minimum of three years, regardless of what the written contract states. Stamp Duty vs. VAT: Commercial rentals...

Greek courts generally have jurisdiction if Greece is the "habitual residence" of both spouses, regardless of their nationality. Consensual divorce is the fastest route, finalized before a notary public in...

Mandatory Initial Session (MAS): Under Greek Law 4640/2019, most commercial disputes with a value exceeding €30,000 must undergo a mandatory initial mediation session before proceeding to court. Enforceability: A mediation...

International Inheritance in Greece: A Guide for Foreign Heirs Non-resident heirs have exactly one year to renounce an inheritance if the estate includes debts. Greek "Forced Heirship" laws prevent immediate...

Tech companies operating in Greece must comply with Law 4624/2019, which supplements the EU GDPR with specific local requirements for employment and criminal data. The Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)...

Broad Scope: US export controls now target not only hardware but also the software, technology, and "know-how" required to develop advanced AI and semiconductors. Strict Liability: Companies are held responsible...

B-BBEE compliance is measured on a scale of Level 1 to Level 8, where Level 1 provides the highest competitive advantage for securing government tenders and private sector contracts. Small...

India is a signatory to the New York Convention, making foreign awards from over 50 reciprocating territories enforceable as decrees of an Indian court. The enforcement process is governed by...

Italian technology manufacturers must comply with EU Regulation 2021/821, which governs the export, brokering, and transit of dual-use items that can be used for both civil and military purposes. The...

Vietnam is a signatory to the 1958 New York Convention, meaning foreign arbitral awards are legally enforceable, provided they meet specific procedural criteria. The statute of limitations for filing a...

Mandatory Registration: Foreign data controllers targeting the Turkish market or monitoring Turkish residents must register with the VERBIS system before processing data. 2024 Reform: Recent amendments to the KVKK have...

Commercial tenants in New York City have significantly fewer statutory protections than residential tenants, making the specific language of the lease the primary governing law. Filing for a "Yellowstone Injunction"...

Corporate Tax Compliance: Free zone entities must register for UAE Corporate Tax and maintain audited financial statements to potentially qualify for a 0% tax rate. Economic Substance Requirements: Companies performing...

The Seat of arbitration is the legal jurisdiction that governs the proceedings, while the Venue is simply the physical location where hearings occur. Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation...

Most Canadian provinces operate on an "opt-out" basis, meaning you are automatically included in a class action if you meet the criteria and live in the province where the case...

B-BBEE is a commercial imperative for international firms seeking to participate in the South African economy, particularly for government tenders and large-scale private supply chains. Multinationals can bypass the requirement...

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in the Philippines are governed by the Civil Code and specific statutes like the Data Privacy Act of 2012. Service credits are the primary remedy for...

A Representative Office (Ufficio di Rappresentanza) is restricted to promotional activities and has no separate legal personality or tax liability in Italy. A Branch (Sede Secondaria) acts as a permanent...

Corporate Governance Standards for Tech Startups in Nigeria: A Legal Guide Every Nigerian startup registered as a private limited company must have at least two directors under the Companies and...

Arbitration in Thailand is governed by the Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002), which is largely based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. Parties can choose between institutional arbitration, such as the...